Rejection selection device (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

专利摘要:
Rejection selection device (1), in a set of dried fruits (7) displaced on a belt (2) comprising a support element (3) with a central area (5) on the belt (2) at a distance of it, parallel and transverse to it; at least one sensor, capable of detecting a physical and/or chemical quality of the fruit (7) and its position; an identification software of at least said physical and/or chemical quality connected to the sensor; suction means for defective products connected to the software and a set of suction nozzles (4) connected to the suction means, and arranged in the central area (5). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2738579A1
申请号:ES201830560
申请日:2018-06-08
公开日:2020-01-23
发明作者:Borrell Jose Vicente Roig
申请人:Jose Borrell SA；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001]
[0002] Rejection selection device
[0003]
[0004] Technical Field of the Invention
[0005]
[0006] The present invention corresponds to the technical field of nut-treating machines, in particular to a device for the selection of rejections within a set of nuts, which allows eliminating those defective elements based on at least one specific quality, of form prior to the treatment of said nuts.
[0007]
[0008] Background of the Invention
[0009]
[0010] In the treatment of nuts, these are usually mixed with foreign elements, such as leaves, twigs, pieces of plastic, so an initial objective to such treatment should be the elimination of both said foreign objects, and that of possible units of fruit that do not meet minimum acceptable conditions, because they present irregularities, an inappropriate color, poor condition, humidity, bitterness ...
[0011]
[0012] At present, the selection of rejections has been carried out by means of two possible techniques, one of them being the ejection of air and the other, the mechanical deviation of the rejections.
[0013]
[0014] The technique that is based on the ejection of air, tries to detect the existence of rejections by different means and every time it locates an element that is susceptible to rejection, it sends an air jet that generates the change in its trajectory, which is usually launched in a specific place for collection. This technique is usually more appropriate for materials of small dimensions, such as nuts, legumes, which can be influenced by an air jet.
[0015]
[0016] On the other hand, the technique that uses the mechanical diversion in the first place, like the prior art will try to locate the rejections by different means and once one is detected, the movement of an element that can be assimilated to a arm, finger or paddle, which separates said element from the flow of displacement from the rest and directs it to a place to collect rejections. This technique is more appropriate for larger materials, such as fruits.
[0017]
[0018] In the case at hand, which is the elimination of rejections in nuts, it would therefore be logical to use a system by air ejection, however these also present certain drawbacks.
[0019]
[0020] One of them is that the systems that use this technique are limited in speed, so the production level is reduced. This is because if the material circulates at high speeds, when the jet of air is applied through the ejector, it will affect the rejection element and all the fruit grains that are good, but are arranged around the rejection .
[0021]
[0022] Consequently, the need for a slower movement of the fruit, forces the assembly of larger machines, assuming therefore a greater cost and greater need for space destined to it.
[0023]
[0024] In addition, the accuracy obtained through these ejector systems is rather discrete, taking into account that in most cases they are fixed systems, which apply an air jet when the rejection element is supposed to pass, but that logically and in Depending on the proximity of other materials, it can also affect them even if they are not rejected. In addition, these ejector systems are usually of high inertia, so that their response time is slow and can lead to errors in the removal of correct material instead of rejection.
[0025]
[0026] On the other hand, through ejection, there are limitations due to the shape and nature of the elements to be removed. Thus, if we deal with fragile elements, the fact that they could be influenced by the ejection jet that tries to hit a rejection can affect its integrity. Likewise, there are elements that due to its shape, with complicated aerodynamics can generate a coanda effect in which the air is coupled to the shape of the rejection element, reducing or even canceling the thrust effect it should have on it.
[0027]
[0028] As an example of the prior art, reference documents US8082838, US20130081982, US55095537, US8346388, US5779058, US8662314 and US5509537 can be mentioned.
[0029] In the reference document US8082838 a double-acting piston and cylinder mechanism is defined which comprises a cylinder substantially closed at both ends by means of front and rear end walls, a piston that can move axially inside the cylinder, a first zone defined between the piston and the rear end wall of the cylinder and a second defined area between the piston and the front end wall of the cylinder.
[0030]
[0031] It also comprises a piston rod that extends from the piston through the front end wall of the cylinder, an air inlet hole for communication with said first zone of the cylinder, and at least one exhaust outlet which is exposed during axial displacement of the piston to release the air distributed to the first zone of the cylinder through the air inlet hole.
[0032]
[0033] This piston has a sufficient length to avoid communication between the second zone and the exhaust outlet so that a static air pressure can be maintained in the second zone of the cylinder to dampen the impact between the piston and the front end wall of the cylinder.
[0034]
[0035] There is also a pneumatic product rejection system with the indicated cylinder and piston mechanism that presents both high and low pressure manifolds, a control valve and a blade at the free end of the piston rod, to push the rejections and move them from their trajectory.
[0036]
[0037] By means of the cylinder and piston mechanism indicated, a higher speed of response of the blade is being achieved, however it is a pneumatic system that is not valid for nuts because of their size.
[0038]
[0039] In addition, it is a shovel that can only act on one rejection at a time and therefore, given the situation of two rejections that move in parallel, it can only act on one of them. The option would be the placement of more than one shovel, which would mean a cylinder and piston mechanism for each, significantly increasing the rejection system.
[0040]
[0041] The reference document US20130081982 defines a machine that classifies the grains according to the color they present and in which the decrease in performance due to failures in Error removal of grain in good condition is prevented by using different selection algorithms that act on different ejector nozzles in a first and second classification.
[0042]
[0043] The result obtained in the optical detection means is operated by means of ejection means that apply an air jet in a first classification and also in a second classification.
[0044]
[0045] In this case, the improvement is basically that through a second classification, it is expected to correct the errors of a first classification. But this solution is more expensive, because it multiplies the costs of the cases in which there was a single classification and remains an imprecise method because the air jet can easily drag grains in good condition that are close to rejection. They are also inaccurate due to the response time between the order is given to the ejector and its performance.
[0046]
[0047] In the reference document US5509537 an ejector for an electronic sorting machine having a detector is located to locate the presence of rejections in a product stream and generates an actuator signal in response to this detection to eliminate said rejection.
[0048]
[0049] It has an ejector finger that includes an elongated flexible base member having a first end and a second end, where the first end is fixedly connected with respect to the product stream, and a contactor made of a material sufficiently rigid to remove the rejections of the product stream when the ejector is brought into contact with it, said contactor being connected between the ends of said base member that is flexed by means of an actuator.
[0050]
[0051] In this case, although in this document, an "ejector" finger is called, there is no ejection of any flow and refers to a finger that acts by pushing the rejections that are in a falling flow and away from it.
[0052]
[0053] Again we have problems in this invention because the response of the ejector finger to the order of action is not instantaneous, which can generate errors. In addition, this type of classification is mechanical, and is not suitable for classification of nuts.
[0054] Reference document US8346388 describes a system and method for the tactile classification of the plurality of small objects by means of automated piezoelectric sensors. The sensor detects the softness and mass of the individual objects by measuring an exerted force and the total contact time for each object when it comes into contact with a sensing surface of a pressure sensor, to which the objects of one fall into one in cascade. The quantified values of force and contact time are analyzed and compared with two threshold values or a range of predetermined threshold values according to a database of optimal objects and undesirable objects normally obtained from a spectrum of objects that have been analyzed and recorded for Help in system calibration.
[0055]
[0056] This system is aimed at elements with a size larger than nuts, since the weight of nuts is so small, the level of precision of the piezoelectric sensors should be very high, to capture the differences in weights of an order of magnitude so small In addition, it is only a valid system to separate elements that do not meet certain values related to the weight and the roughness of the surface layer, but it is not capable of being applied to the selection of rejections by other factors, such as the color of the fruit, the bitterness ...
[0057]
[0058] Reference document US5779058 deals with a grading color grading apparatus that has optical detection means with a lighting medium that includes at least one light source with a spectral energy distribution in the region of visible light and in the near infrared region.
[0059]
[0060] This sorting apparatus, by means of said optical detection means is capable with a single unit, of classifying and rejecting foreign materials that have a different color from acceptable products in the region of visible light and classifying and rejecting foreign materials with a similar color to acceptable products or transparent elements such as pieces of glass, plastic or the like, in the near infrared region.
[0061]
[0062] Then, once the rejection element has been detected, an air jet is applied by means of an ejector that drives the rejection to a new path different from the one it was carrying.
[0063]
[0064] In this case it is aimed at specifically detecting color differences in grains, and it would not be possible to detect rejections according to factors other than this. In addition an ejection mechanism is used that can be quite inaccurate due to the delay between the issuance of the order to it and the performance of the ejector, which may affect grains that are not rejection. Likewise, as already mentioned, this type of elimination mechanism is equally inaccurate because the air jet can affect grains in good condition that are close to that of rejection.
[0065]
[0066] Reference document US8662314 refers to an apparatus and classification method for separating articles in a product stream using a mechanical diverter responsive to an artificial vision system. It also includes, in one form of the invention, a combination of a sorting apparatus that uses an air ejector for the removal of foreign material and a mechanical diverter to redirect undesirable items from a product stream.
[0067]
[0068] Therefore, in this case it is an apparatus that combines a mechanism formed by a series of mobile blocks in the shape of concave fingers, capable of routing certain elements in one or another path, diverting them from the main path, with an ejector that collaborates in the elimination of strange elements of small size. In addition, the diverter mechanism by means of mobile blocks is formed by two diverters, one downstream of the other, so that between the two it is possible to determine many more trajectories of diversion of the elements, depending on the needs.
[0069]
[0070] In this case, it is observed how it is necessary to place an ejector to be able to effectively eliminate small-sized rejections, since the proposed mechanical means are valid for elements larger than nuts, so they are not suitable for the case. That concerns us.
[0071]
[0072] Thus, it has not been found in the state of the art, a device or equipment that is capable of making an effective rejection selection in a set of nuts or other products of small size, depending on any characteristic that is already considered be physical as a chemical and that is able to eliminate rejection in an accurate way, solving the problems that exist today in the systems that perform these functions
[0073]
[0074] Description of the invention
[0075]
[0076] The rejection selection device, for the elimination of undesirable elements or defective products, depending on at least one specific quality, existing in a set of nuts that move on a conveyor belt presented here, comprises a support element that has a central area formed by a longitudinal element with two opposite ends, located on the conveyor belt at a distance thereof, said central zone being parallel to the belt and disposed transversely thereto, and two fixing arms from each end of the central zone to one of the sides of the conveyor belt respectively.
[0077]
[0078] The device also comprises at least one sensor, capable of detecting a physical and / or chemical quality of the fruit and its position, as well as a software for identifying at least said physical and / or chemical quality of the nuts, connected to the sensor, which determines whether it should be accepted or rejected.
[0079]
[0080] Finally, the device has means of suction of the defective products, connected to said identification software, which communicates the order of aspiration of an element and the position thereof detected by the sensor and, a set of suction nozzles connected to said suction means, and arranged in the central area of the support element, oriented towards the conveyor belt and located in at least two rows with alternate positions, according to the direction of the central area.
[0081]
[0082] According to a preferred embodiment, the suction means comprise a compressor or a suction pump, a conduit connected to each suction nozzle respectively and to the compressor or to the pump, and an opening and closing valve thereof.
[0083]
[0084] In this case and in a preferred embodiment, the pipes connected to the nozzles are vacuum lines. In another preferred embodiment, the conduits connected to the nozzles are compressed air conduits, which operate by the venturi effect.
[0085]
[0086] According to another aspect, in a preferred embodiment, the nozzles are fixed with respect to the central area of the support element, while according to another preferred embodiment, the nozzles are suitable to move with respect to the support element, in a movement towards or near the conveyor belt, prior to aspiration through them.
[0087] According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one sensor is formed by a vision camera, and / or X-rays, and / or a hyperspectral camera, and / or a laser.
[0088]
[0089] This rejection selection device in a preferred embodiment is arranged in a dried fruit treatment equipment or machine, located in the entrance zone of said fruits thereto.
[0090]
[0091] In another preferred embodiment, the device forms a machine whose function is to eliminate rejection elements in a set of nuts.
[0092]
[0093] With the rejection selection device proposed here, a significant improvement in the state of the art is obtained.
[0094]
[0095] This is so because a device is achieved that is able to analyze the kernels of nuts that move along a conveyor belt and detect those that do not meet certain minimum specifications in terms of physical and / or chemical qualities and in addition to detecting it, it is provided with means to remove it from said transport belt, without affecting the rest of the fruits that pass through it.
[0096]
[0097] It is a fast and efficient device, thanks to a reduced inertia of operation that allows a rapid response of the suction means, thus allowing higher operating speeds that lead to increased productivity.
[0098]
[0099] In addition, thanks to the low inertia of the device, great advantages are achieved, such as being able to work with fragile products or with complicated aerodynamics.
[0100]
[0101] It is a very effective device because it does not use an ejector but a much more accurate aspiration means thanks to the approach they make towards rejection, when they are aspirating it.
[0102]
[0103] Also, as it has more than one nozzle, it can address the withdrawal of more than one rejection at the same time.
[0104]
[0105] Brief description of the drawings
[0106] In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a series of drawings are provided as an integral part of said description where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, represented the following:
[0107]
[0108] Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the rejection selection device, for a preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0109]
[0110] Figure 2.- Shows a schematic elevation view of the rejection selection device, for a preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0111]
[0112] Detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention
[0113]
[0114] In view of the figures provided, it can be seen that in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rejection selection device (1) proposed herein is aimed at eliminating undesirable elements or defective products, depending on the less a certain quality, existing in a set of nuts that move on a conveyor belt (2), comprises a support element (3), at least one sensor, an identification software, a means of aspiration of the elements defective detected and a set of suction nozzles (4) connected to said suction means.
[0115]
[0116] The support element (3), as shown in Figures 1 and 2, has a central area (5) formed by a longitudinal element with two opposite ends, located on the conveyor belt (2) at a distance therefrom. . This central area (5) is located parallel to the belt (2) and transverse to it.
[0117]
[0118] Said support element (3) also has two fixing arms (6) of each of the ends of the central area (5) on one of the sides of the conveyor belt (2) respectively.
[0119]
[0120] For its part, this device (1) comprises a sensor that in this preferred embodiment of the invention is formed by a hyperspectral chamber configured to detect moisture values in the fruit above a certain limit value.
[0121] In this case, therefore, the sensor is able to determine a chemical quality of the fruit (7), in addition to its position.
[0122]
[0123] For its part, the identification software is connected to the sensor and analyzes said physical quality of dried fruits (7) by comparing the data collected with a previously developed model and from this comparison, it concludes whether the fruit (7) must be accepted or rejected .
[0124]
[0125] Said identification software is connected to the aspiration means and communicates to them the order of aspiration of a defective element, as well as the position thereof, detected by the sensor.
[0126]
[0127] In this preferred embodiment of the invention, the suction means comprise a compressor, a conduit (8) connected to each suction nozzle (4) respectively and to the compressor and, an opening and closing valve of said compressor. Only one conduit (8) connected to a suction nozzle (4) is shown in the Figures, so as not to interfere with the view of the other parts of the device.
[0128]
[0129] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 1, the suction nozzles (4) are arranged in the central area (5) of the support element (3), oriented towards the transport belt (2) and positioned in this way of preferred embodiment of the invention, in two rows with alternate positions, according to the direction of the central zone (5).
[0130]
[0131] In this preferred embodiment of the invention, the conduits (8) connected to each suction nozzle (4) respectively, are formed by compressed air conduits and said suction nozzles (4) are suitable for travel relative to the support element (3), in an approach movement towards the conveyor belt (2), prior to aspiration through them.
[0132]
[0133] In this way, the data collected by the sensor, are sent to the software which, by comparison with the previously developed model, determines the existence or not of differences according to the established criteria and concludes the need to reject or not the element in question. When it is concluded that it is an element of rejection and should depart from the rest of the fruits, the software sends a signal to the aspiration means, with the position and the moment of action and these aspiration means, send the order to the aspiration nozzle (4) closer to the position of the fruit (7), so that it makes an approach movement to it and aspires.
[0134] In case of not detecting differences and therefore not determining the existence of elements to be separated, the system does not act.
[0135]
[0136] In this preferred embodiment of the invention, the rejection selection device forms an independent machine whose function is to eliminate rejection elements in a set of dried fruits (7), but in other embodiments it can be part of a team or machine for treating nuts, disposing in the entrance area of said fruits to it.
[0137]
[0138] The described embodiment constitutes only an example of the present invention, therefore, the specific details, terms and phrases used herein are not to be considered as limiting, but are only to be understood as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis that provides an understandable description as well as sufficient information to the person skilled in the art to apply the present invention.
[0139]
[0140] With the rejection selection device presented here, significant improvements are achieved with respect to the prior art.
[0141]
[0142] A versatile device is achieved, which can be an independent machine or be coupled to an existing machine, at the entrance of the same, and is very effective for the detection of foreign elements or that do not meet established basic properties.
[0143]
[0144] It significantly improves the means of detection currently in existence, since in many cases they are limited to the location of a single characteristic or focus on characteristics related to the weight or touch of the fruit.
[0145]
[0146] With this device it is possible to detect physical and chemical qualities and also, the removal of said element detected as incorrect, without interfering with the normal displacement and trajectory of the rest of the fruits, thanks to the fact that an ejector is not used, which can affect the fruits around rejection. By using a sprinkler system that also approximates rejection while aspirating it, the spray spot is much more specific to the specific element that you want to eliminate from the rest. It is also a device with a very low inertia, so that the reaction of the media Spraying is very fast thanks to very short start-stop times, which favors high accuracy in capturing rejections.
[0147]
[0148] On the other hand, thanks to the existence of several spray nozzles, it is possible to remove more than one rejection at the same time, since there is the possibility that two rejections arranged in such a way can flow along with the flow of nuts parallel to the direction of the flow. In this case, a single nozzle would not be able to assume both rejections, but this selection device that presents a set of nozzles, is capable of carrying it out.
[0149]
[0150] It is also simple to apply and is suitable for use with fruits of small size, such as nuts, so it is very effective and favorable.

权利要求:
Claims (1)
[0001]
1- Device (1) for rejection selection, for the elimination of undesirable elements or defective products based on at least one specific quality, existing in a set of dried fruits (7) that move on a conveyor belt (2) , characterized by comprising
- a support element (3) having a central area (5) formed by a longitudinal element with two opposite ends, located on the conveyor belt (2) at a distance from it, said central area (5) being parallel to the belt (2) and arranged transversely thereto, and two fixing arms (6) of each of the ends of the central area (5) to one of the sides of the transport belt (2) respectively ;
- at least one sensor, capable of detecting a physical and / or chemical quality of the fruit (7) and its position;
- software identifying at least said physical and / or chemical quality of dried fruits (7) connected to the sensor, which determines whether it should be accepted or rejected;
- means for aspirating defective products connected to said identification software, which communicates the order of aspiration of an element and its position detected by the sensor and;
- a set of suction nozzles (4) connected to the suction means, and arranged in the central area (5) of the support element, oriented (3) towards the transport belt (2) and located in at least two rows with alternate positions, depending on the direction of the central zone (5).
2- Rejection selection device (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction means comprise a compressor or a suction pump, a conduit (8) connected to each suction nozzle (4) respectively and to the compressor or to the pump and, an opening and closing valve thereof.
3- Rejection selection device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipes (8) connected to the suction nozzles (4) are vacuum lines.
4- Rejection selection device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipes (8) connected to the suction nozzles (4) are compressed air lines.
5- Device (1) for rejection selection, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction nozzles (4) are fixed with respect to the central area (5) of the support element (3).
6- Rejection selection device (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the suction nozzles (4) are able to move with respect to the support element (3), in an approach movement towards the conveyor belt (2), prior to aspiration through them.
7- Rejection selection device (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one sensor is formed by a vision camera, and / or X-rays, and / or a hyperspectral camera, and / or a laser
8- Rejection selection device (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged in an equipment or machine for treating dried fruits (7), located in the entrance area of said fruits (7) a the same.
9- Rejection selection device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it forms an independent machine.

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引用文献:

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优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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ES201830560A|ES2738579B2|2018-06-08|2018-06-08|Reject selection device|ES201830560A| ES2738579B2|2018-06-08|2018-06-08|Reject selection device|

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US16/291,128| US20190374978A1|2018-06-08|2019-03-04|Reject Selection Device|